Procedures
Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy is a medical procedure that allows for the direct examination of the interior lining of the colon and rectum. It plays a critical role in detecting and preventing colorectal cancer by identifying and removing polyps and investigating symptoms such as bleeding, abdominal pain, or changes in bowel habits.
Overview
Colonoscopy involves inserting a long, flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) through the rectum to examine the entire length of the colon. The procedure allows the doctor to detect polyps, remove them, and take biopsies if necessary. Air or carbon dioxide is used to expand the colon for better visualization, and the procedure typically lasts 30 to 60 minutes.
Purpose of the Procedure
Colonoscopy is performed to screen for colorectal cancer, detect and remove polyps, and investigate symptoms such as rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits, contributing to the prevention and early detection of digestive diseases.
How to Prepare
For colonoscopy, patients must follow a modified diet three days prior and consume a bowel preparation solution to cleanse the colon. Patients are required to fast before the procedure. Certain medications, including blood thinners, may need to be temporarily stopped, and patients should arrange transportation as sedation is typically used.
What to expect after
After a colonoscopy, patients may feel bloated or pass gas for a few hours as trapped air is expelled. Sedation may cause drowsiness, so rest is recommended for the remainder of the day. Minor bleeding from biopsy sites or polyp removal is normal, but any persistent or heavy bleeding should be reported.
Complications & Risk
Colonoscopy carries risks such as bleeding, especially if polyps are removed or biopsies are taken. Perforation of the colon is rare but serious and may require surgery to repair. Other potential complications include adverse reactions to sedation, infection, and abdominal pain lasting several days.
Results and Follow-up
Colonoscopy results are often discussed immediately after the procedure, particularly if polyps were removed or biopsies were taken. If tissue samples were collected, lab results are usually available within a week. Normal findings may lead to routine follow-ups every 5 to 10 years, while abnormal findings could result in closer monitoring or further treatment.